Cap-d'Ail

Cap-d'Ail plunges from the sheer walls of the Tête de Chien to the coves of the Mala, on the western border of Monaco. Until 1908 it was La Turbie-sur-Mer, the seaward edge of La Turbie; it became a commune of its own on 30 December 1908, a consequence of Monaco's growth at the end of the nineteenth century, and was classed a climatic resort in 1921.

The slope filled with Belle Époque villas – Antoine Lumière built the Villa Lumière in 1902, and his son Louis the Villa Hélios in 1901 – and one of them, the Villa Les Camélias, is now a museum. In the grounds of the Centre méditerranéen d'études françaises is the open-air amphitheatre that Jean Cocteau designed in 1957.